Upper Tract Tumors

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Causes and Risk Factors

The cause of upper tract tumors is unknown. A personal history of bladder cancer is the primary risk factor. Smoking cigarettes is also a major risk factor. Smoking may contribute to as many as 60-80% of cases.

Other risk factors include the following:

Age
Balkan descent
Chronic urinary tract infections
Family history of transitional cell carcinoma
Genetic mutation of the p53 gene
Overuse of analgesics that contain phenacetin
Recurrent kidney ...Read the full article